
Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds.

In mining areas, vertical ventilating shafts are often threatened by ground movements induced by underground mining. In this paper, damage characteristics related to collapse of the vertical ventilating shaft at the No. 14 exploratory line in Jinchuan Nickel Mine, China are documented. The damage

February 1, 2016 by Canadian Mining Journal Commodities Nickel It’s conventional wisdom that underground mining is a dirty business. In fact, it’s undeniably true because as almost everybody knows, the nature of working underground involves spaces that are often cramped, damp and dark.